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An image is then projected onto the retina of the eye.Īn image is formed by projecting a focussed image of the specimen onto a surface coated with electron-sensitive compounds. The human eye can view a real image directly by looking into the eyepiece of the microscope. (There must be a vacuum inside an operating electron microscope because otherwise the electrons would be absorbed by air molecules before they could reach the specimen.) Parts of the specimen absorb electrons and therefore appear dark on the micrograph, while other areas of the specimen allow electrons to pass through - causing those areas to appear bright on the micrograph. TEM: Selective absorption of electrons by the specimen.
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Light (of all colours whose wavelengths are supplied by the source of illumination) scatters from the various parts of the specimen and some of that scattered light reaches the objective lens (above the specimen) and is then re-directed through the objective and eyepiece lenses to form a focussed image. Here, image detection is shown uppermost and the sources below in both cases for ease of comparison. In reality while the (light) source of a light microscope is usually near the lowest point of the instrument, the (electron) source of an electron microscope is usually towards the highest point of the instrument - see photos and YouTube clips, e.g. Note: As light microscopes are commonly used in schools and colleges while electron microscopes are less widely available (due to cost and complexity) the more familiar light microscope is shown first (left) with an "equivalent" electron microscope represented on the right. Very simple block diagrams of Electron vs Light Microscopes The following simple block diagram shows some of the basic similarities between light microscopes and electron microscopes (in general) by comparing the radiation pathways for a light microscope with a general electron microscope. See the table at the bottom of this page for the advantages and disadvantages of light vs electron microscopes. * Differences due to the shorter equivalent wavelength of electron beams compared with visible light.
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using corrosive chemicals, for viewing via electron microscope than preparation of slides for viewing using a light microscope. Preparation of specimens : Generally involves harsher processes, e.g.However, "false-colour" electron micrographs are common - and can be very beautiful! Electron microscopes produce greyscale (sometimes called "black and white") images. Colour Images: Light microscopes form images including the range of wavelengths (colours) provided by the light source - but remember that the colours seen are often due to stains rather than the actual colours present in nature).Magnification*: Electron microscopes have much higher magnification than light microscopes.Resolution*: Electron microscopes have much higher resolution than light microscopes.Control of image formation : Light via glass lenses, beams of electrons can be focused using electromagnets due to negative charge on electrons.Radiation Type: Light microscopes use light (approx wavelength 400-700 nm), electron microscopes use beams of electrons (approx equivalent wavelength 1 nm).Cost / Availability: Light microscopes are less expensive than electron microscopes.Size: Light microscopes are smaller and lighter, so are easier to move and set-up.Specimens must be carefully prepared using techniques appropriate for both the equipment and the sample e.g.Used in study and research in biology and medical sciences (more about histology), material sciences e.g.Form larger (magnified) and more detailed (highly resolved) images of small objects or small areas of larger objects e.g.